Stainless Steel 321 / ASTM A182 F321Forging Metallurgy & Specs
Titanium-Stabilized Austenitic Stainless Steel for 425°C – 900°C Corrosive Exhaust. Hot-forged and precision-machined in Rajkot, Gujarat strictly up to 50 kg max piece weight with 100% Optical Emission Spectrometry (OES) PMI testing and EN 10204 3.1 MTC compliance.
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Stainless Steel 321 / ASTM A182 F321 (UNS S32100 / 1.4541 / X6CrNiTi18-10) offers a minimum tensile strength of 515 MPa min (75 ksi) and yield strength of 205 MPa min (30 ksi) with 140 – 192 HBW max hardness. Manufactured by Jayesh Forge in Rajkot, Gujarat strictly up to 50 kg per piece, this alloy features Excellent resistance to intergranular attack and polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking. Tested per ASTM A388 Level II ultrasonic standards with EN 10204 3.1 MTC inspection.
Stainless Steel 321 / ASTM A182 F321 Chemical Analysis (% by Weight)
| Element | Chemical Symbol | Minimum (%) | Maximum (%) | Specification Role |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbon | C | — | 0.08% | Controls base tensile strength & core hardness |
| Chromium | Cr | 17.00% | 19.00% | Forms passive chromium oxide layer for oxidation & corrosion resistance |
| Nickel | Ni | 9.00% | 12.00% | Improves notch toughness, cryogenic ductility & hardenability |
| Titanium | Ti | 0.40% | 0.70% | Binds carbon into titanium carbides to prevent sensitization |
| Manganese | Mn | — | 2.00% | Combines with sulfur, increases hardenability and hot workability |
| Silicon | Si | — | 1.00% | Deoxidizer during melting; improves high-temperature scaling resistance |
* Ladle chemical analysis verified using optical emission spectrometer (OES) calibrated to NIST certified reference materials. Full chemical results recorded on EN 10204 3.1 MTC.
Stainless Steel 321 / ASTM A182 F321 Mechanical Properties
Ultimate breaking stress threshold
Elastic deformation limit
Plastic ductility before rupture
Surface indentation resistance
Cross-sectional necking ductile ratio
Dynamic fracture energy absorption
Thermal Cycle & Machining Parameters
1180°C – 900°C
Solution treated at 1000°C – 1080°C; stabilizing heat treatment at 870°C – 900°C for maximum carbide fixing
Excellent resistance to intergranular attack and polythionic acid stress corrosion cracking
Machinability: 42% of AISI 1212 • Excellent using ER321 filler; immune to weld-decay corrosion
International Equivalent Material Grades
Forged Components Manufactured in SS 321
High-Temperature Exhaust Flanges
Class 150# and 300# flanges for aero-derivative and industrial turbine exhausts.
SS 321 Frequently Asked Technical Questions
Titanium has a stronger chemical affinity for carbon than chromium does. Titanium reacts preferentially with free carbon to form stable Titanium Carbide (TiC) particles, leaving Chromium dissolved in the matrix to maintain the protective passive film.
Related Industrial Metallurgy Specifications
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